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Vasco
2026-04-24 17:40:03 +01:00
parent 9693c4a859
commit 123a4cb709
7 changed files with 865 additions and 109 deletions

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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
\usepackage{listings} \usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{booktabs}
% \usepa \usepackage{style}
\lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{ \lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize, basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@
Este projecto tem como âmbito implementar uma rede virtual privada (VPN) em um cenário de road-warrior, Este projecto tem como âmbito implementar uma rede virtual privada (VPN) em um cenário de road-warrior,
ou seja, onde o administrador de acesso da rede é o cliente ou tem acesso a ele. ou seja, onde o administrador de acesso da rede é o cliente ou tem acesso a ele.
Para tal, foi implementado um servidor e um cliente OpenVPN, certificados por uma autoriadade central (CA) Para tal, foi implementado um servidor e um cliente OpenVPN, certificados por uma autoridade central (CA)
que em si é self-signed. Para além disto, foi implementado um sistema de autenticação de dois factores que em si é self-signed. Para além disto, foi implementado um sistema de autenticação de dois factores
através do plugin google-authenticator para o OpenVPN. através do plugin \textit{google-authenticator} para o OpenVPN.
Existe ainda um servidor Apache e um servidro de OpenSSL OCSP. Para simpliflicar, a elaboração do Existe ainda um servidor Apache e um servidor de OpenSSL OCSP. Para simplificar, a elaboração do
projecto foram colocados na mesma maquina virtual, mas por razoes de seguranca poderia querer ter projecto foram colocados na mesma maquina virtual, mas por razoes de seguranca poderia querer ter
estes serviços separados. estes serviços separados.
@@ -56,15 +56,19 @@ Temos então três máquinas virtuais:
{\bf Nome} & {\bf Script} & {\bf Rede} \\\toprule {\bf Nome} & {\bf Script} & {\bf Rede} \\\toprule
Road Warrior & VM\_ROAD\_WARRIOR.sh & Rede Externa 193.168.0.0/24 \\ Road Warrior & VM\_ROAD\_WARRIOR.sh & Rede Externa 193.168.0.0/24 \\
VPN Gateway & VM\_OPENVPN\_GATEWAY.sh & Router \\ VPN Gateway & VM\_OPENVPN\_GATEWAY.sh & Router \\
OpenSSL / Apache & VM\_OPENSSL\_APACHE.sh & Reder Interna 10.60.0.0/24 \\ OpenSSL / Apache & VM\_OPENSSL\_APACHE.sh & Rede Interna 10.60.0.0/24 \\
\end{tabular} \end{tabular}
\section{Criação de certificados} \section{Criação de certificados}
Criar chaves com 2048 bits. Criar chaves com 2048 bits.
Todos os certificados são criados de uma so vez e são depois copiados para as respetivas
máquinas virtuais.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
cert_ca="/C=PT/ST=Coimbra/L=Coimbra/O=UC/CN=CoimbraVPN" cert_ca="/C=PT/ST=Coimbra/L=Coimbra/O=UC/CN=CoimbraVPN"
cert_vpn="/C=PT/ST=Coimbra/L=Coimbra/O=UC/CN=gateway" cert_vpn="/C=PT/ST=Coimbra/L=Coimbra/O=UC/CN=gateway"
@@ -86,17 +90,9 @@ openssl req -new -key apache.key -out apache.csr -subj "$cert_apache" -addext "s
openssl ca -batch -in "apache.csr" -cert "ca.crt" -keyfile "ca.key" -out "apache.crt" -config cheese.cfg openssl ca -batch -in "apache.csr" -cert "ca.crt" -keyfile "ca.key" -out "apache.crt" -config cheese.cfg
\end{lstlisting} \end{lstlisting}
Criar chave secreta.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
openssl --genkey secret ta.key
\end{lstlisting}
\section{Configuração da \textit{Gateway} VPN} \section{Configuração da \textit{Gateway} VPN}
\section{Configurar TOTP} \subsection{Configurar TOTP}
Foi criado o ficheiro \texttt{totp} com a configuração de autenticação a Foi criado o ficheiro \texttt{totp} com a configuração de autenticação a
ser utilizada pelo plugin de PAM para o openvpn. ser utilizada pelo plugin de PAM para o openvpn.
@@ -105,31 +101,99 @@ ser utilizada pelo plugin de PAM para o openvpn.
plugin /usr/lib64/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-auth-pam.so totp plugin /usr/lib64/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-auth-pam.so totp
\end{lstlisting} \end{lstlisting}
\subsection{Aceder ao código} Adicionalmente, devido às restrições de segurança do \textit{systemd},
foi necessário desativar o \texttt{ProtectHome} no serviço do OpenVPN
para que o plugin PAM consiga ler os ficheiros de segredo do Google Authenticator
localizados nas diretorias \textit{home} dos utilizadores.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
[Service]
ProtectHome=false
\end{lstlisting}
Primeiro, na gateway, entramos como o utilizador desejado e obtemos a chave Primeiro, na gateway, entramos como o utilizador desejado e obtemos a chave
do gerador de palavras passes temporarias. Ao inserir a chave no do gerador de palavras passes temporarias. Ao inserir a chave no
\texttt{google authenticator} podemos obter a nossa primeira chave de 6 digitos. \texttt{google authenticator} podemos obter um código QR, a nossa primeira
chave de 6 digitos.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics{google-authenticator}
\end{figure}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
su john su john
google-authenticator google-authenticator
\end{lstlisting} \end{lstlisting}
\section{Revocation e OCSP} \subsection{Encaminhamento e Firewall}
Para que a gateway funcione como router entre a rede externa e a rede interna,
foi necessário ativar o \textit{IP forwarding} no kernel e configurar as regras
de \textit{iptables} para permitir o tráfego da VPN e realizar o mascaramento
de IP (NAT).
% NOTA(vasco): Não temos regras de DROP a packets
% talvez deviamos mudar isso nao sei
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
# Ativar encaminhamento
echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
# Regras de Firewall
iptables -I INPUT 1 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD 1 -i tun0 -o enp0s9 -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD 1 -i enp0s9 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o enp0s8 -j MASQUERADE
\end{lstlisting}
\section{Configuração do Cliente (Road Warrior)}
O cliente encontra-se na rede externa (\texttt{193.136.212.10}) e liga-se à VPN
gateway na porta 1194. Para garantir a segurança, utiliza-mos autenticação mútua (os certificados X.509)
e um \textit{two factor authentication} (2FA) como palavras-passe temporarias, geradas através do
\textit{Google Authenticator}.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote 193.136.212.1 1194
ca ca.crt
cert user.crt
key user.key
auth-user-pass
cipher AES-256-GCM
auth SHA256
\end{lstlisting}
\section{Servidor Apache e OCSP}
O servidor interno (\texttt{10.60.0.1}) alberga o serviço Apache e o responder OCSP
da autoridade de certificação.
\subsection{Revocation e OCSP}
\subsection{Testar OSCP via revoke}
\begin{enumerate} \begin{enumerate}
\item Conectar ao VPN e ver que funciona \item Estabelecer a ligação VPN e verificar a conectividade à rede interna.
\item Na maquina host, nao nas vms, na repo mesmo. \item No diretório da autoridade de certificação (máquina \textit{host}), revogar o certificado do utilizador:
\item revogar o certificado via openssl -revoke user.crt -config cheese.cfg -keyfile ca.key -cert ca.crt \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
\item Fechae OSCP e correr VM\_OPENSSL novamente (copiar index.txt e serial?) openssl ca -revoke user.crt -config cheese.cfg -keyfile ca.key -cert ca.crt
\item Tentar outra vez e ver que de facto falha \end{lstlisting}
\item Atualizar o ficheiro \texttt{index.txt} no servidor OCSP e reiniciar o serviço para carregar o novo estado de revogação.
\item Tentar estabelecer uma nova ligação VPN e verificar que a autenticação falha devido à resposta \texttt{revoked} do responder OCSP.
\end{enumerate} \end{enumerate}
\section{Conclusion} \section{Conclusão}
Conclusão!!!
A implementação deste projeto permitiu consolidar conhecimentos sobre redes privadas virtuais e segurança em comunicações.
A combinação de certificados digitais com autenticação de dois fatores (TOTP) garante uma robustez significativa contra
ataques de interceção e roubo de credenciais.
A integração do protocolo OCSP permite uma gestão dinâmica da confiança, possibilitando a revogação imediata de acesso a clientes comprometidos sem necessidade de redistribuição de listas de revogação (CRLs) volumosas. Em suma, o sistema cumpre os requisitos de confidencialidade, integridade e disponibilidade propostos.
\end{document} \end{document}

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\babel@toc {portuguese}{}\relax \babel@toc {portuguese}{}\relax
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introdução}{2}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introdução}{2}{section.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Criação de certificados}{2}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Criação de certificados}{2}{section.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Configuração da \textit {Gateway} VPN}{3}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Configuração da \textit {Gateway} VPN}{3}{section.3}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Configurar TOTP}{3}{}% \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Configurar TOTP}{3}{subsection.3.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Aceder ao código}{3}{}% \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Encaminhamento e Firewall}{3}{subsection.3.2}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Revocation e OCSP}{3}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Configuração do Cliente (Road Warrior)}{3}{section.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Testar OSCP via revoke}{3}{}% \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Servidor Apache e OCSP}{4}{section.5}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Conclusion}{4}{}% \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Revocation e OCSP}{4}{subsection.5.1}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Conclusão}{5}{section.6}%

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