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modsecurity

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vasco
2026-05-31 14:55:52 +01:00
parent a17feb0e1b
commit ded74f1a45
15 changed files with 215 additions and 76 deletions
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5
SERVER.sh
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@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o enp0s8 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables
sudo cp conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
sudo cp conf/modsecurity.conf /etc/httpd/conf/modsecurity.conf
# instalar juice-shop se nao existir
jspath="/var/juice-shop"
@@ -54,10 +55,6 @@ if [[ ! -f "$jspath/package.json" ]]; then
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER "$jspath"
fi
# apache WAF (desativado por default)
s stop httpd
s disable httpd
# correr juice shop via npm
cd "$jspath"
npm start

5
conf/httpd.conf
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@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ User apache
Group apache
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
IncludeOptional modsecurity.d/*.conf
IncludeOptional modsecurity.d/activated_rules/*.conf
Include conf/modsecurity.conf
# IncludeOptional modsecurity.d/*.conf
# IncludeOptional modsecurity.d/activated_rules/*.conf
<Directory />
AllowOverride none

23
conf/modsecurity.conf Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
SecRuleEngine On
SecRequestBodyAccess On
SecResponseBodyAccess Off
SecDebugLog /var/log/modsecurity/debug.log
SecDebugLogLevel 0
SecAuditLogParts ABIJ
SecAuditLogType Serial
SecAuditLog /var/log/modsecurity/audit.log
# SQL Injection protection
SecRule ARGS "(?i)(union(\s+all)?\s+select|select\s+.*\s+from|insert\s+into|update\s+.*\s+set|delete\s+from|drop\s+table|or\s+1=1|--|#|/\*|\*/|\bexec\b|\bexecute\b)" "id:'950001',phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'SQL Injection Attack Detected',log"
# XSS / HTML Injection protection
SecRule ARGS "(?i)<script|javascript:|on\\w+=|<img|<svg|<iframe|<object|<embed|<form|<input|%3c|%3e|%22|%27|%60" "id:'950003',phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'XSS/HTML Injection Detected',log"
# Remote File Inclusion protection
SecRule ARGS "(?i)(https?|ftp)://" "id:'950005',phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Remote File Inclusion Attempt',log"
# Command Injection protection
SecRule ARGS "(?i)(;|&&|\|\||\$\(|\`|\bexec\b|\bcmd\b|\bsystem\b)" "id:'950006',phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Command Injection Detected',log"
# Path Traversal protection
SecRule ARGS "(\../|\..\\)" "id:'950007',phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Path Traversal Attempt',log"

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52
relatorio/relatorio.aux
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@@ -13,24 +13,40 @@
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3}Services}{3}{subsection.2.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Web application security testing}{4}{section.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Information Gathering}{4}{subsection.3.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces ftp}}{4}{figure.1}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:ftp}{{1}{4}{ftp}{figure.1}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{4}{subsection.3.2}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Identity Management Testing}{5}{subsection.3.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces metrics}}{5}{figure.2}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:metrics}{{2}{5}{metrics}{figure.2}{}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces swagger}}{5}{figure.3}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:swagger}{{3}{5}{swagger}{figure.3}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Identity Management Testing}{6}{subsection.3.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces email-unique}}{7}{figure.4}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:email-unique}{{4}{7}{email-unique}{figure.4}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Authentication Testing}{7}{subsection.3.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Authorization Testing}{7}{subsection.3.5}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Session Management Testing}{7}{subsection.3.6}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Input Validation Testing}{7}{subsection.3.7}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.7.1}Testing for SQL Injection}{8}{subsubsection.3.7.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Testing for Error Handling}{8}{subsection.3.8}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}Client Side Testing}{9}{subsection.3.9}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Web Application Security Firewall}{10}{section.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Information Gathering}{10}{subsection.4.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.2}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Identity Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Authentication Testing}{10}{subsection.4.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Authorization Testing}{10}{subsection.4.5}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Session Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.6}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.7}Input Validation Testing}{10}{subsection.4.7}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8}Testing for Error Handling}{10}{subsection.4.8}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.9}Client Side Testing}{10}{subsection.4.9}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Conclusions}{10}{section.5}\protected@file@percent }
\gdef \@abspage@last{10}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces email-invalido}}{8}{figure.5}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:email-invalido}{{5}{8}{email-invalido}{figure.5}{}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces suspiciouserrors}}{8}{figure.6}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:suspiciouserrors}{{6}{8}{suspiciouserrors}{figure.6}{}}
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces suspiciouserrors2}}{9}{figure.7}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:suspiciouserrors2}{{7}{9}{suspiciouserrors2}{figure.7}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Session Management Testing}{9}{subsection.3.6}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Input Validation Testing}{9}{subsection.3.7}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.7.1}Testing for SQL Injection}{10}{subsubsection.3.7.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Testing for Error Handling}{10}{subsection.3.8}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces stack-trace}}{11}{figure.8}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{fig:stack-trace}{{8}{11}{stack-trace}{figure.8}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}Client Side Testing}{11}{subsection.3.9}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Web Application Security Firewall}{12}{section.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Information Gathering}{12}{subsection.4.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.2}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Identity Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.3}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Authentication Testing}{12}{subsection.4.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Authorization Testing}{12}{subsection.4.5}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Session Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.6}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.7}Input Validation Testing}{12}{subsection.4.7}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8}Testing for Error Handling}{12}{subsection.4.8}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.9}Client Side Testing}{12}{subsection.4.9}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Conclusions}{12}{section.5}\protected@file@percent }
\gdef \@abspage@last{12}

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relatorio/relatorio.log
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.29 (MiKTeX 26.2) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2026.5.30) 31 MAY 2026 13:33
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.29 (MiKTeX 26.2) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2026.5.30) 31 MAY 2026 14:43
entering extended mode
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(relatorio.listing
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `T1/Raleway-OsF/m/n' will be
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[]\T1/Raleway-OsF/b/n/10.95 Tentativa com Script Di-reto: \T1/Raleway-OsF/m/n/1
0.95 In-se-ri-mos o pay-load tra-di-ci-o-nal \T1/cmtt/m/n/10.95 <script>alert("
someones
@@ -1322,19 +1369,24 @@ someones
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@@ -1343,10 +1395,10 @@ Package rerunfilecheck Info: File `relatorio.out' has not changed.
(rerunfilecheck) Checksum: 71F23F30E8D22A202B518A954FE83332;4897.
)
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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@@ -1356,9 +1408,9 @@ Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
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Output written on relatorio.pdf (10 pages, 263252 bytes).
Output written on relatorio.pdf (12 pages, 869774 bytes).
PDF statistics:
461 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
98 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
388 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
486 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
108 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
413 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)

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relatorio/relatorio.tex
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@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Realisticamente estas etapas podiam continuar a repetir-se, até que estivessemo
Utilizámos a política por omissão (\textit{default policy}) para a realização do \textit{Active Scan} através do OWASP ZAP. Com esta abordagem, obtivemos múltiplos alertas automáticos. De forma a priorizar a análise, investigamos as alertas principais com base no maior nível de risco e grau de confiança reportados pela ferramenta.
Para conseguir informação inicial realizamos um \textit{Active Scan} através do \textit{OWASP ZAP}, o policy utilizado para esse scan foi \textit{Default Policy}. Foi obtido vários aletas automáticos devido a esse scan e decidimos investigar as alertas principais com base no nível de risco e grau de confiança reportado pela ferramenta.
% Para conseguir informação inicial realizamos um \textit{Active Scan} através do \textit{OWASP ZAP}, o policy utilizado para esse scan foi \textit{Default Policy}. Foi obtido vários aletas automáticos devido a esse scan e decidimos investigar as alertas principais com base no nível de risco e grau de confiança reportado pela ferramenta.
Adicionalmente, realizámos testes de infraestrutura utilizando ferramentas especializadas:
@@ -93,11 +93,31 @@ Ao executar o \textit{sqlmap}, descobrimos que o sistema de gestão de base de d
Paralelamente, realizámos uma descoberta de ficheiros e diretórios através de técnicas de \textit{fuzzing} de URLs no OWASP ZAP recorrendo à lista de permissões da \textit{DirBuster}. Esta exploração revelou os seguintes endpoints publicamente expostos:
\begin{itemize}
\item \texttt{/ftp}: Servidor de armazenamento e transferência de ficheiros exposto.
\item \texttt{/metrics}: Métricas internas da infraestrutura expostas.
\item \texttt{/api-docs}: Documentação e esquemas estruturais da API.
\item \texttt{/ftp}: Servidor de armazenamento e transferência de ficheiros exposto. (Figura \ref{fig:ftp})
\item \texttt{/metrics}: Métricas internas da infraestrutura expostas. (Figura \ref{fig:metrics})
\item \texttt{/api-docs}: Documentação e esquemas estruturais da API. (Figura \ref{fig:swagger})
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{ftp}
\caption{ftp}
\label{fig:ftp}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{metrics}
\caption{metrics}
\label{fig:metrics}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{swagger}
\caption{swagger}
\label{fig:swagger}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}
@@ -113,6 +133,8 @@ Testámos os métodos HTTP permitidos pelo servidor através do envio de pedidos
Analisámos as permissões de acesso no diretório \texttt{/ftp}. Verificámos que a falta de restrições rígidas ao nível do sistema de ficheiros permite a qualquer utilizador anónimo listar o conteúdo de diretórios estruturais e descarregar ficheiros não indexados na interface principal da aplicação.
\subsection{Identity Management Testing}
\subsubsection*{Test Role Definitions}
@@ -145,7 +167,12 @@ O servidor backend processou o pedido sem validar se o utilizador possuía autor
Ao tentar registar um utilizador com o e-mail \texttt{admin@juice-sh.op}, verificámos que a aplicação devolve uma mensagem de erro explícita indicando que o e-mail já se encontra registado no sistema. Este comportamento confirma a vulnerabilidade de enumeração de contas, permitindo a um atacante mapear quais os e-mails válidos na plataforma.
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{email-unique}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{email-unique}
\caption{email-unique}
\label{fig:email-unique}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection*{Testing for Weak or Unenforced Username Policy}
@@ -156,11 +183,16 @@ Após testar vários caracteres especiais no formulário de registo, criámos um
\end{itemize}
A aplicação aceitou o registo sem validar a presença de carateres de injeção SQL ou tags HTML. Contudo, verificámos que é impossível efetuar login com esta conta posteriormente, uma vez que o processo de autenticação falha e resulta num erro genérico do tipo \texttt{[object Object]} no ecrã.
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{email-invalido}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{email-invalido}
\caption{email-invalido}
\label{fig:email-invalido}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Authentication Testing}
Realizámos testes de \textit{fuzzing} automatizado contra o formulário de login utilizando dicionários de credenciais. Identificámos que a aplicação não implementa mecanismos de bloqueio de conta (*Account Lockout*) ou limitação de taxa de pedidos (*Rate Limiting*), permitindo ataques contínuos de \textit{brute force}.
Realizámos testes de \textit{fuzzing} automatizado contra o formulário de login utilizando dicionários de credenciais. Identificámos que a aplicação não implementa mecanismos de bloqueio de conta ou limitação de taxa de pedidos \textit{rate limiting}, permitindo ataques contínuos de \textit{brute force}.
@@ -170,6 +202,19 @@ Testámos as permissões de acesso ao diretório \texttt{/ftp} e verificámos qu
Seguidamente, explorámos falhas na validação de inputs através de uma injeção de \textit{Null Byte} codificado (\texttt{\%2500.md} ou \texttt{\%2500.pdf}). O ataque foi bem-sucedido e contornou a validação de extensões do servidor, garantindo o acesso e descarregamento de ficheiros confidenciais restritos: \texttt{encrypt.pyc} e \texttt{suspicious\_errors.yml}.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{suspiciouserrors}
\caption{suspiciouserrors}
\label{fig:suspiciouserrors}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{suspiciouserrors2}
\caption{suspiciouserrors2}
\label{fig:suspiciouserrors2}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Session Management Testing}
Identificámos que o cookie \texttt{token}, responsável por armazenar o identificador da sessão ativa do utilizador, possui a flag \texttt{HttpOnly} configurada como \texttt{false}. A ausência desta proteção significa que o token está totalmente exposto e pode ser lido por scripts do lado do cliente, tornando a sessão criticamente vulnerável a roubo por Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
@@ -232,7 +277,12 @@ Ao tentar forçar o acesso a uma página ou ficheiro inexistente no servidor de
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{stack-trace}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{stack-trace}
\caption{stack-trace}
\label{fig:stack-trace}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Client Side Testing}

34
relatorio/relatorio.toc
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@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Web application security testing}{4}{section.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Information Gathering}{4}{subsection.3.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{4}{subsection.3.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Identity Management Testing}{5}{subsection.3.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Identity Management Testing}{6}{subsection.3.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Authentication Testing}{7}{subsection.3.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Authorization Testing}{7}{subsection.3.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Session Management Testing}{7}{subsection.3.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Input Validation Testing}{7}{subsection.3.7}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.7.1}Testing for SQL Injection}{8}{subsubsection.3.7.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Testing for Error Handling}{8}{subsection.3.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}Client Side Testing}{9}{subsection.3.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Web Application Security Firewall}{10}{section.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Information Gathering}{10}{subsection.4.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Identity Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Authentication Testing}{10}{subsection.4.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Authorization Testing}{10}{subsection.4.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Session Management Testing}{10}{subsection.4.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.7}Input Validation Testing}{10}{subsection.4.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8}Testing for Error Handling}{10}{subsection.4.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.9}Client Side Testing}{10}{subsection.4.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Conclusions}{10}{section.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Session Management Testing}{9}{subsection.3.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Input Validation Testing}{9}{subsection.3.7}%
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.7.1}Testing for SQL Injection}{10}{subsubsection.3.7.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Testing for Error Handling}{10}{subsection.3.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}Client Side Testing}{11}{subsection.3.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Web Application Security Firewall}{12}{section.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Information Gathering}{12}{subsection.4.1}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Configuration and Deployment Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.2}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Identity Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.3}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Authentication Testing}{12}{subsection.4.4}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Authorization Testing}{12}{subsection.4.5}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Session Management Testing}{12}{subsection.4.6}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.7}Input Validation Testing}{12}{subsection.4.7}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.8}Testing for Error Handling}{12}{subsection.4.8}%
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.9}Client Side Testing}{12}{subsection.4.9}%
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Conclusions}{12}{section.5}%